Welcome to Islamic Spiritual Care & Psychotherapy Web Resource

Gilliat-Ray, Sophie, Mansur Ali, and Stephen Pattison. Understanding Muslim Chaplaincy. Surrey, U.K.: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2013. https://www.routledge.com/Understanding-Muslim-Chaplaincy/Gilliat-Ray-Ali/p/book/9781409435938

Baig, Naveed, and Nazila Isgandarova. “Exploring Islamic Spiritual Care: What Is in a Name?” Religions (Basel, Switzerland ) 14, no. 10 (2023): 1256-. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14101256.

Ibrahim, Celene. “Spiritual Care by and for Muslim Women in the United States.” Journal of Pastoral Theology 33, no. 2 (2023): 99–105. doi:10.1080/10649867.2022.2028054.

Isgandarova, Nazila. Islamic Spiritual and Religious Care: Theory and Practices. Kitch. Surrey, U.K.: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2013. https://www.pandorapress.com/store/p285/Islamic_Spiritual_and_Religious_Care%253A_Theory_and_Practices%252C_by_Nazila_Isgandarova.html

Isgandarova, N. “Canadian Licensing Changes and the Anticipated Impact on Islamic Spiritual Care and Counseling Practice in Ontario.” Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling 68 (3) (2014): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/154230501406800

Isgandarova, N. & O’Connor, Thomas St. James. “A Redefinition and Model of Canadian Islamic Spiritual Care.” Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling 66 (2) (2012): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/154230501206600

Isgandarova, N. "Effectiveness of Islamic Spiritual Care: Foundations and Practices of Muslim Spiritual Care Givers." The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling 66 (3) (2013): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/154230501206600

Isgandarova, N. “The Role of Practice-Based Education in Islamic Spiritual Care: The Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) Training.” The Muslim World 108 (2) (2018: 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/muwo.12244

Long, I.J.  A Source of Strength. In M. Ali, O. Bajwa, S. Kholaki, & J. Starr (Eds.), Mantle of Mercy: Islamic Chaplaincy in North America (pp. n.n.). Templeton Press, (2022).

Abdulkadir, A., & Long, I.J.  "The Impact of Privatization on Minority Faith Prison Chaplains in Canada." Journal of Pastoral Care and Counselling, 75(3)(2021).

Long, I.J., Isgandarova, I.,  & Haque, A. Islamic Spiritual and Cultural Care Professionals in Clinical Settings. In Multifaith Perspectives in Spiritual & Religious Care: Change, Challenge and Transformation (pp. 490-496). Canadian Multifaith Federation, 2020.

Long, I.J.  An Orienting Essay for Canadian Muslims. A Common Word Canada, (2020, January 28).

Long, I.J., & Ansari, B. "Islamic Pastoral Care and the Development of Muslim Chaplaincy." Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 12(1) (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0012.105

Long, I.J. Supporting Victims of Spiritual Abuse. Institute for Muslim Mental Health, (2017, December 11).

Long, I.J. (2015). [Review of Understanding Muslim Chaplaincy, by S. Giliat-Ray, M. Ali, & S. Pattison]. Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling, 69(3). 

Long, I.J. "Caring for the Muslim Soul: Approaches to the Spiritual Care of Muslim Patients." In , Psychotherapy: Cure of the Soul, ed. T. O’Connor, K. Lund, & P. Berendsen (Eds.) (pp. 49-57). Waterloo Lutheran Seminary, 2014.

Long, I.J. (2013, May 31). A Chaplain’s Plea. Virtual Mosque.

Osman  M.  Ali,  Milstein,  Glen,  and  Marzuk,  Peter  M.  "The  Imam’s  Role  in Meeting the Counseling Needs of Muslim Communities in the United States." Psychiatric Services 56 (2005): 202-205. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.2.202

Isgandarova, N. “The Crescent of Compassionate Engagement: Theory and Practice of Islamic Spiritual Care.” In Multifaith Views in Spiritual Care, edited by Daniel S. Schipani, 109–130. Waterloo: Pandora Press, Society for Intercultural Pastoral Care and Couneling, 2013. (R)

Isgandarova, N. “Muslim Spiritual Care and Counselling,” The Spiritual Care Givers Guide to Identity, Practice and Relationships: Transforming the Honeymoon in Spiritual Care and Therapy, edited by T. O'Connor, E. Meakes and C. Lashmar, 135–256. WLU Press, Waterloo: WLU Press, 2008. (R)

Isgandarova, N. “Islamic Spiritual Care in a Health Care Setting,” in Spirituality and Health: Multidisciplinary Explorations, ed. A. Meier, T. O'Connor and P. VanKatwyk, 85–-104. Waterloo: WLU Press, 2005.  (R)

Haque, Amber and Rothman, Abdallah. Clinical Applications of Islamic Psychology.  ‎ Int'l Association of Islamic Psychology, 2023.

Keshavarzi, Hooman, Fahad Khan, Bilal Ali, and Rania Awaad. Applying Islamic Principles to Clinical Mental Health Care: Introducing Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy. New York: Routledge, 2020. 

Rasool, G. Islamic Psychology: Human Behaviour and Experience from an Islamic Perspective. New York: Routledge, 2021.

Rasool, Hussein G.  Islamic Counselling: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New York, NY: Routledge, 2015.

Rasool, Hussein G. Evil Eye, Jinn Possession, and Mental Health Issues: An Islamic Perspective. New Yok: Routdledhe, 2019.

Isgandarova, Nazila. Muslim Women, Domestic Violence, and Psychotherapy: Theological and Clinical Issues. New York: Routledge, 2018.

York Al-Karam, Carrie, ed. Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Press, 2018. 

Daneshpour, Manijeh. Family Therapy with Muslims. London: Routledge, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315669762.

Chaudhry, Saleha and Chieh Li. “Is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Culturally Appropriate for Muslim American Counselees?” Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 41 (2001): 109-113. 

Ahmed, Sameera and Mona M. Amer (Eds.). Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2012.

Dwairy, Marwan. Counselling and Psychotherapy with Arabs and Muslims: A Culturally Sensitive Approach. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 2006.

Younos, Farid. Principles of Islamic Psychology. Author House, 2017.

Husain, A. & Hasan A. Psychology of Meditation: A Practical Guide to Self. Delhi: Psycho 

Information Technologies, 2021. 

Utz, Aisha. Psychology from the Islamic Perspective. International Islamic Publishing House, 2011.

Kobeisy, Ahmed Nezar. Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2004

Rothman, Abdallah and  Coyle, Adrian. “Toward a Framework for Islamic Psychology and Psychotherapy: An Islamic Model of the Soul.” Journal of Religion and Health (2018): 1-14. 

Skinner,  Rasjid. “ Traditions, Paradigms and Basic Concepts in Islamic Psychology.” Journal of Religion and Health (2018): 1-8.

Amini, Farzaneh. Sufi Psychology and Jungian Analytic Psychology: Treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorder. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1999.

Haque, A. “Psychology from Islamic perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists.” Journal of Religion and Health 43(4) (2004)” 357–377. 

Hinton, Devon E., and Baland Jalal. Transdiagnostic Multiplex CBT for Muslim Cultural Groups : Treating Emotional Disorders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Haque, A., Khan, F., Keshavarzi, H., & Rothman, A. E. “Integrating Islamic Traditions In Modern Psychology: Research Trends In Last Ten Years.” Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 10(1) (2016): 75–100.

Keshavarzi, H., & Haque, A. “Outlining A Psychotherapy Model For Enhancing Muslim Mental Health Within An Islamic Context.” International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 23(3) (2013): 230–249.

Naeem, F. et al. Development and Evaluation of Culturally Adapted CBT

to Improve Community Mental Health Services for Canadians

of South Asian Origin: Final Report. CAMH, 2022.  https://www.camh.ca/-/media/files/cacbt-for-south-asians-report-eng.pdf

Farrell, D.P, P.S Keenan, M. Wajid Ali, S Bilal, S.M Tareen, L Keenan, and M.H Rana. “Training Pakistani Mental Health Workers in EMDR in the Aftermath of the 2005 Earthquake in Northern Pakistan.” Counselling Psychology Quarterly 24, no. 2 (2011): 127–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2011.589599

Abdul-Hamid, Walid Khalid, Hughes. “Integration of Religion and Spirituality Into Trauma Psychotherapy: An Example in Sufism?” Jamie Hacker. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 9 (3). 10.1891/1933-3196.9.3.150.

Isgandarova, Nazila. “Honour and Shame.” In Muslim Women, Domestic Violence, and Psychotherapy, 1st ed., 145–76. Routledge, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429469701-7.

Tavakol, M. (2014, January). A sociological study of patients undergoing EMDR in Iran. In EMDR for enhancement and integration (Ann Parichavan, Chair). Presentation at the 2nd EMDR Asia International Conference, Manila, The Philippines

Hadi, T. (2014, January). EMDR on "RUQYAH" Client -- Integrating EMDR with Indonesian culture and Islamic belief. In EMDR for enhancement and integration (Ann Parichavan, Chair). Presentation at the 2nd EMDR Asia International Conference, Manila, The Philippines.

Gender & Islam

Salma Elkadi Abugideiri, “Domestic Violence,” In Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions, edited by Sameera Ahmed and Mona M. Amer, 309-328. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2012.

Ali, Sara, Danah Elsayed, Saadia Elahi, Belal Zia, and Rania Awaad. “Predicting Rejection Attitudes toward Utilizing Formal Mental Health Services in Muslim Women in the US: Results from the Muslims’ Perceptions and Attitudes to Mental Health Study.” International Journal of Social Psychiatry 68, no. 3 (2022): 662–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211001084.Ahmed, A., Bowen, A. & Feng, C.X. (2017). Maternal depression in Syrian refugee women recently moved to Canada: a preliminary study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1). 

Douki, S. "Women's mental health in the Muslim world: Cultural, religious, and social issues." Journal of Affective Disorders 102.1 (2007): 177-189.

Rabia Malik, “Family Therapy and the Use of Quranic Stories,” in Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy, edited by  Carrie York Al-Karam, 152-174. Chapter 6.

Afshana Haque, “Conducting Spiritually Integrated Family Therapy with Muslim Clients Utilizing a Culturally Responsive Paradigm,” in Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy, edited by  Carrie York Al-Karam, 103-126. Chapter 4.

Isgandarova, Nazila. “Post-Traumatic Growth and Resilience in Victim-Survivors of Genocidal Rape.” Pastoral Psychology, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-023-01064-0.

Holtmann, Cathy, and Lucia Tramonte. 2014. “Tracking the Emotional Cost of Immigration: Ethno-Religious Differences and Women’s Mental Health.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 15 (4): 633–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-013-0302-8. 

Ahmed, S. & Amer, M.M. (Eds.). Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions. Part V.

Suicide Risk Management

Awaad, Rania, Osama El-Gabalawy, Ebony Jackson-Shaheed, Belal Zia, Hooman Keshavarzi, Dalia Mogahed, and Hamada Altalib. “Suicide Attempts of Muslims Compared With Other Religious Groups in the US.” JAMA Psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.) 78, no. 9 (2021): 1041–44. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1813.

Hissain, S. et al. "Understanding Suicidal Behaviour and Distress in Young Muslim Canadians: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Medical Students, 11 (2023). https://ijms.info/IJMS/article/view/2357

Daouk, Sariah, Rania Awaad, Bilal Ahmed, Suzanne Barakat, Ricardo F Muñoz, and Yan Leykin. “Common and Country-Specific Characteristics Associated With Suicidality in the Arab Region.” The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 82, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19m13199.Shoib, Sheikh, Aishatu Yusha’u Armiya’u, Mahsa Nahidi, Nigar Arif, and Fahimeh Saeed. “Suicide in Muslim World and Way Forward.” Health Science Reports 5, no. 4 (2022): e665-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.665.

Awaad, Rania, Mina Dailami, and Nassrine Noureddine. “US Policy of Public Charge Inadmissibility and Refugee Suicides.” The Lancet. Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (2020): e12–e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30037-7.

Kamal, Zein, and Kate Miriam Loewenthal. “Suicide Beliefs and Behaviour among Young Muslims and Hindus in the UK.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 5, no. 2 (2002): 111–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670210141052.

Rezaeian, Mohsen. “Suicide Among Young Middle Eastern Muslim Females: The Perspective of an Iranian Epidemiologist.” Crisis : The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention 31, no. 1 (2010): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000005.

Eskin, Mehmet, Nazli Baydar, Hacer Harlak, Motasem Hamdan, Anwar Mechri, Ulker Isayeva, Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek, et al. “Cultural and Interpersonal Risk Factors for Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempts among Muslim College Students from 11 Nations.” Journal of Affective Disorders 294 (2021): 366–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.050.

Ciftci  A, Jones  N, Corrigan  PW.  Mental health stigma in the Muslim community.   J Muslim Mental Health. 2013;7(1). doi:10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0007.102

Fekih-Romdhane, Feten, Suhad Daher-Nashif, Manel Stambouli, Amthal Alhuwailah, Mai Helmy, Hanaa Ahmed Mohamed Shuwiekh, Cheikh Mohamed Fadel Mohamed Lemine, et al. “Suicide Literacy Mediates the Path from Religiosity to Suicide Stigma among Muslim Community Adults: Cross-Sectional Data from Four Arab Countries.” International Journal of Social Psychiatry 69, no. 7 (2023): 207640231174359–1669. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640231174359.

Alonzo, D., and P. Zubaroglu. “Suicide and Violence against Women in Azerbaijan: Risk Factors and Barriers for Seeking Mental Healthcare.” European Psychiatry 66, no. S1 (2023): S560–S560. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1180

Fekih-Romdhane, Feten, Abir Tounsi, Riadh Ben Rejeb, and Majda Cheour. “Is Religiosity Related to Suicidal Ideation Among Tunisian Muslim Youth After the January 14th Revolution?” Community Mental Health Journal 56, no. 1 (2020): 165–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00447-z.

Saunders, Natasha, Rachel Strauss, Sarah Swayze, Alex Kopp, Paul Kurdyak, Zainab Furqan, Arfeen Malick, Muhammad Ishrat Husain, Mark Sinyor, and Juveria Zaheer. “Suicide and Self-Harm Among Immigrant Youth to Ontario, Canada From Muslim Majority Countries: A Population-Based Study.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 68, no. 10 (2023): 7067437231166840–765. https://doi.org/10.1177/07067437231166840.

Arafat, S. M. Yasir, Anuradha Baminiwatta, Vikas Menon, Rakesh Singh, Natarajan Varadharajan, Saptarshi Guhathakurta, Rameez Ali Mahesar, and Mohsen Rezaeian. “Prevalence of Suicidal Behaviour among Students Living in Muslim-Majority Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” BJPsych Open 9, no. 3 (2023): e67–e67. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2023.48.

Canetto, Silvia Sara. “Suicidal Behaviors Among Muslim Women: Patterns, Pathways, Meanings, and Prevention.” Crisis : The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention 36, no. 6 (2015): 447–58. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000347.

Safdar, Maria, Khalid Imran Afzal, Zoe Smith, Filza Ali, Pervaiz Zarif, and Zahid Farooq Baig. “Suicide by Poisoning in Pakistan: Review of Regional Trends, Toxicity and Management of Commonly Used Agents in the Past Three Decades.” BJPsych Open 7, no. 4 (2021): e114–e114. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.923.

Substance Use and Addiction

Akter, Naeema. “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Protocol for the Treatment of Substance Abuse Among Muslims.” ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2020.

Unlu, Ali, and Ismail Sahin. “Religiosity and Youth Substance Use in a Muslim Context.” Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 15, no. 3 (2016): 287–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2015.1033664.

Marif, Diary, and Local Journalism Initiative Reporter. Substance Abuse and Alcoholism Increasing within Canada’s Muslim Communities. The Canadian Press. Toronto: Canadian Press Enterprises Inc, 2023.

AlMarri, Tayyiba S. K., and Tian P. S. Oei. “Alcohol and Substance Use in the Arabian Gulf Region: A Review.” International Journal of Psychology 44, no. 3 (2009): 222–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590801888752.

Badr, Lina Kurdahi, Asma Taha, and Vivien Dee. “Substance Abuse in Middle Eastern Adolescents Living in Two Different Countries: Spiritual, Cultural, Family and Personal Factors.” Journal of Religion and Health 53, no. 4 (2014): 1060–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9694-1.

Ninth Muslim Mental Health Conference to Focus on Substance Abuse. Targeted News Service. Washington, D.C: Targeted News Service, 2017.

Arfken, Cynthia L., Alec Berry, and Darlene Owens. “Pathways for Arab Americans to Substance Abuse Treatment in Southeastern Michigan.” The Journal of Muslim Mental Health 4, no. 1 (2009): 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564900902785457.

Maalouf, Wadih, and Cynthia L. Arfken. “Guest Editors’ Introduction: Assessing the Problem of Substance Abuse in the Arab World.” The Journal of Muslim Mental Health 4, no. 1 (2009): 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564900902802757.

Mallik, Sarah, Joanna L. Starrels, Casey Shannon, Kea Edwards, and Shadi Nahvi. “‘An Undercover Problem in the Muslim Community’: A Qualitative Study of Imams’ Perspectives on Substance Use.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 123 (2021): 108224–108224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108224.

Hassan, Ahmed N., Heba Ragheb, Arfeen Malick, Zainib Abdullah, Yusra Ahmad, Nadiya Sunderji, and Farah Islam. “Inspiring Muslim Minds: Evaluating a Spiritually Adapted Psycho-Educational Program on Addiction to Overcome Stigma in Canadian Muslim Communities.” Community Mental Health Journal 57, no. 4 (2021): 644–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00699-0.

Attarabeen, Omar, Fadi Alkhateeb, Kevin Larkin, Usha Sambamoorthi, Michael Newton, and Kimberly Kelly. “Tobacco Use among Adult Muslims in the United States.” Substance Use & Misuse 54, no. 8 (2019): 1385–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2019.1581223.

Ragheb, Heba, Shireen Ahmad, Sarah Uddin, Bernard Le Foll, and Ahmed N. Hassan. “The Prevalence and Treatment Utilization of Substance Use Disorders among Muslims in the United States: A National Epidemiological Survey.” The American Journal on Addictions 32, no. 5 (2023): 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.13443.

Special Populations

Din, Hena, Sameera Ahmed, and Amal Killawi. 2017. “Pathways to Wellness: Exploring Muslim Mental Health Promotion in the Digital Age.” Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work 36 (1-2): 96–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2017.1313151. 

Humeidan, Majeda. “University Counseling Centers,” In Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions, edited by Sameera Ahmed and Mona M. Amer, 213-228. New York: Routledge: Taylor and Francis Group, 2012.

Baobaid, Mohammed, and Lynda M. Ashbourne. Enhancing Culturally Integrative Family Safety Response in Muslim Communities, Routledge, 2016.

Hankir, A., Khalil, S., Wadood, Q., et al. “The Federation of Student Islamic Societies Programme to Challenge Mental Health Stigma in Muslim Communities in England: The FOSIS.” Psychiatria Danubina, 29(3) (2017). 

Puolakka, K. “Mental Health Promotion in a School Community by Using the Results from the Well-Being Profile.” Health Promotion Practice, 15(1) (2014): 44-54.

Ojio, Y. "Effects of school-based mental health literacy education for secondary school students to be delivered by school teachers: A preliminary study." Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 69.9 (2015): 572-9.

Goforth, Anisa N., Lindsey M. Nichols, Cameo F. Stanick, Zachary R. Shindorf, and Olivia Holter. 2017. “School-Based Considerations for Supporting Arab American Youths’ Mental Health.” Contemporary School Psychology 21 (3): 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-016-0117-7. 

Ahmed, S. & Amer, M.M. (Eds.). Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions. Part III. 

Freqa Sheikh, “Marrying Islamic Principles with Western Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents: Successes and Challenges,” in Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy, edited by  Carrie York Al-Karam,208-228.

Ahmad, Salman Shaheen, Merranda Marie McLaughlin, and Amy Weisman de Mamani. “Spiritual Bypass as a Moderator of the Relationships between Religious Coping and Psychological Distress in Muslims Living in the United States.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 15, no. 1 (2023): 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000469.

Ahmed, Sameera. “Adolescents & Emerging adults.” In Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions, edited by Sameera Ahmed and Mona M. Amer, 251-280. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2012.

Ahmed, Sameera “Converts to Islam.” In Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions, edited by Sameera Ahmed and Mona M. Amer, 229-250. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2012.

Ahmed Sameera & Aboul-Fotouh, Frieda. “Refugees.” In Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions, edited by Sameera Ahmed and Mona M. Amer, 281-308. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2012.

Ali-Faisal, S. “What’s Sex Got to Do with It? The Role of Sexual Experience in the Sexual Attitudes, and Sexual Guilt and Anxiety of Young Muslim Adults in Canada.” Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 10(2) (2016). https://doi.org/10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0010.202

Chrisman, Allan K, and Balkozar Adam. 2016. “Mental Health Challenges for American Muslim Youth In An Age Of Terrorism.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 55 (10): S21–S21. https://doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.080 

Stuart, Jaimee, and Colleen Ward. 2018. “The Relationships Between Religiosity, Stress, and Mental Health for Muslim Immigrant Youth.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 21 (3): 246–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2018.1462781.

Scott Sirah al-Haqq Kugle, Homosexuality in Islam: Critical Reflection on Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Muslims. Oxford: Oneworld, 2010. Introduction, Chapter 1.

Siraj, A. “Isolated, Invisible and in the Closet: The Life Story of a Scottish Muslim Lesbian.” Journal of Lesbian Studies 15 (1) (2011): 99–121.

Siraj, A. “The Construction of the Homosexual “Other” by Muslim Heterosexuals.” Contemporary Islam: Dynamics of Muslim Life 3 (1) (2009): 41–57.

Momin Rahman. “Queer as Intersectionality: Theorizing Gay Muslim Identities.” Sociology 44 (5) (2010): 944–961. doi: 10.1177/0038038510375733.

Elakkary, Sally, Barbara Franke, Dina Shokri, Sven Hartwig, Michael Tsokos, and 

Klaus Püschel. “Honor Crimes: Review and Proposed Definition.” Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 10 (1) (2014): 76-82.

Khan, Mussarat Jabeen. “Construction of Muslim Religiosity Scale.” Islamic Studies,  53 ( ½) (2014): 67–81. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/44627367.

Isgandarova, Nazila. “Clinical Interpretation of Jinn Possession and Cultural Formulation of Mental Illness.” Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, (August 2022). https://doi.org/10.1177/15423050221116775.

AlMarri, Tayyiba S. K., Tian P. S. Oei, and Samir Al-Adawi. "The Development of the Short Muslim Practice and Belief Scale." Mental Health, Religion and Culture 12.5 (2009): 415-26. Web. 23 Aug. 2018

Alzahrani, Ahmad S., Abdullah M. Alqahtani, Soha A. Elmorsy, Maher Alhazmi, Hashim A. Mahdi, Baraa Albarakati, Aqeel Alkhiri, and Anwar Hakeem. “Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Hajj Pilgrims Using MINI as a Diagnostic Tool.” Journal of Public Health 29, no. 1 (2021): 169–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01110-3.

Awaad, R., Fisher, A. J., Ali, S., Rasgon, N. “Development and Validation of the Muslims’ Perceptions and Attitudes to Mental Health (M-PAMH) Scale with a Sample of American Muslim Women.” The Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 13(2) (2019). https://doi.org/10.3998/jmmh.10381607.0013.205.

Mahmood, Omar N. and Sawassan, Ahmed, R. “Psychological Testing and Assessment.” In Counseling Muslims: Handbook of Mental Health Issues and Interventions, edited by Sameera Ahmed and Mona M. Amer, 71-86. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2012.

Ahmad, Salman Shaheen, Merranda Marie McLaughlin, and Amy Weisman de Mamani. "Validation and test–retest Reliability of the Spiritual Bypass Scale in Muslims and Implications for Psychological Help-Seeking Attitudes and Self-Stigma." Spirituality in Clinical Practice 10, no. 1 (03, 2023): 62-73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000300. 

Adawiyah, W. R., & Pramuka, B. A. (2017). “Scaling the Notion of Islamic Spirituality in the Workplace.” The Journal of Management Development, 36(7): 877-898.

Böttcher, Annabelle, and Birgit Krawietz. Islam, Migration and Jinn: Spiritual Medicine in Muslim Health Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61247-4.

Chen, Zhuo Job, Zhiqiong Ma, Nima Ghorbani, Ziasma Khan, and Mustafa Tekke. “Measuring Muslim Religiosity and Spirituality: Measurement Invariance of Muslim Attitudes toward Religion and Muslim Experiential Religiousness Scales across China, Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 14, no. 4 (2022): 503–11. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000385.

Ahmad, S. S., McLaughlin, M. M., & Weisman de Mamani, A. (2023). Validation and test–retest reliability of the Spiritual Bypass Scale in Muslims and implications for psychological help-seeking attitudes and self-stigma. Spirituality in Clinical Practice (Washington, D.C.), 10(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000300

LaRocca-Pitt. “Four FACTs Spiritual Assessment Tool.” Journal of Health Care

Chaplaincy 21 (2) (2015): 51-59. doi: 10.1080/08854726.2015.1015303

Isgandarova, N. Can Islamic Spiritual Scale be Useful. 2006. Retrieved from:

http://macdonald.hartsem.edu/articles/islamicspiritualscale.pdf

Bryson, Ken. “Guidelines for conducting a spiritual assessment,” Palliative & Supportive Care 13 (1) (2015): 91-98. doi: 10.1017/S147895151300045X

Stoll, Ruth I. “Guidelines for Spiritual Assessment.” The American Journal of

Nursing 79 (9) (1979): 1574-1577

Abu-Ras, Wahiba, Ali Gheith, and Francine Cournos. 2008. “The Imam’s Role in Mental Health Promotion: A Study at 22 Mosques in New York City’s Muslim Community.” The Journal of Muslim Mental Health 3 (2): 155–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564900802487576.

Ali, Osman M, Glen Milstein, and Peter M Marzuk. 2005. “The Imam’s Role in Meeting the Counseling Needs of Muslim Communities in the United States.” Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.) 56 (2): 202–5. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.56.2.202. 

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Also see Nurdeen Deuraseh, and Mansor Abu Talib, “Mental Health in Islamic Medical Tradition,” The International Medical Journal 4 (2) (2005): 76-79.